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From Einstein's dream to reality - experimenting with the coldest objects of the universe
Seventy years after Einstein's prediction, the seminal achievement of Bose-
Einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases in 1995 has provided us with a new form
of laser-like quantum matter. Today, research with bosonic and fermionic quantum gases
has developed into an exciting and challenging research field with applications ranging
from atomic- and molecular physics, over quantum optics and quantum information processing
to the investigation of strongly correlated many body quantum phenomena. An introduction
on how these novel states of matter are created in the laboratories at temperatures of
only a few Microkelvin - one million times colder than anywhere in the universe -- will
be given, as well as a review of a recent series of fundamental studies, highlighting the
huge impact this research field has also had on other areas of physics. In an outlook the
perspectives and challenges of this young and vibrating research field will be discussed.
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